Callus Induction and Organogenesis Capacity from Lamina Explant of Petunia × hybrida F1 Induced by BA and NAA

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have an important role in callus induction and organogenesis of plant explants cultured in vitro conditions. Callus has a proper potential for plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis as well suspension culture, genetic transformation and production of secondary metabolites. In current experiment, leaf explants of Petunia × hybrida F1 were cultured on basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg l−1) and ɑ-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg l−1). The maximum fresh weight (5.16 g), dry weight (0.31 g) and volume of callus (24.50 cm3) was obtained in the medium containing 1.00 mg l−1 BA in combination with 0.30 mg l−1 NAA. Leaf explants did not produce callus in medium without PGRs. Plantlets were produced on all callus grown on the media containing PGRs. The most plantlets number was produced on callus induced on medium enriched with 1.00 mg l−1 BA in combination with 0.30 mg l−1 NAA. The plantlets regenerated in vitro with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully established in pots containing peat and perlite (1:1) and grown in a greenhouse within 4 weeks with a 100% survival rate. The regenerated plants were morphologically identical with mother plants and did not show any detectable phenotypic variation.